Sudan

Afforestation and reforestation of natural forests

In Sudan, sandy soils cover about 60% of the country area, mainly in the north, northwest and north-eastern parts. Heavy, cracking clay soils form a triangular central easterly plain which constitutes approximately 30% of the land. Afforestation and restoration of natural or remnant Forests will help to control the water cycle by regulating precipitation, evaporation, and flows. Layers of forest canopy, branches and roots will store and release water vapor, which controls rainfall. Deforestation weakens this process, leading to irregular rainfall patterns including drought and flooding especially in Sahel region.

Agroforestry

Agroforestry system had been identified as provider of wide range of ecosystem services including increasing water availability and improving local people livelihoods, enhancement of goods, services and biodiversity conservation (FAO, 2017;). Agroforestry system and tree planting on agricultural lands had been identified as provider of wide range of ecosystem services including increasing food and water availability and improving local people livelihoods, enhancement of goods, services and biodiversity conservation. This implies that Agroforestry has potential to restore land productivity, conserve biodiversity, increase the  resilience of agro-ecosystems,  alleviate  poverty  and contribute to food security.

Combating land degradation and rehabilitation of degraded lands

The over exploitation of natural resources in some areas in Sudan led to land degradation and desertification acceleration, this phenomenon began to take environmental, economic and social dimensions, which requires attention and given appropriate priority in development plans and programs. The rehabilitation of degraded lands aims to apply a model for environment protection through the rehabilitation of degraded area so that it is sustainable, transferable, and applicable in other locations on the basic of community participation in all steps of preparation and implementation. Combating land degradation is done through protection measures, plantation of pastoral plants and Forest plantation.

Community gardens for landscape restoration 

Small nurseries – comprising of a few rows of mud and wire mesh frames – are growing thousands of seedlings into trees, which are planted around homes and fields for protection against the elements. Through community gardens, farmers are benefiting from irrigation that can feed gardens and help to grow crops year-round.

Rangeland restoration and management

The communities engage in the broadcasting of seeds, a method of scattering seeds mechanically or by hand over large areas, to enhance land productivity, as well as increase the successful yield of sorghum. Restoration of rangelands and improvement in management practices increase production of cattle,  combat desertification and degradation.

Commercial tree plantations